Whitney Quesenbery Interview

An Interview with Whitney Quesenbery

Whitney Quesenbery

Whitney Quesenbery

This is an interview with Whitney Quesenbery, one in a series of interviews with people in our industry who have made a difference in the usability field.

Whitney Quesenbery has a distinguished career in usability. She’s a noted author of two books, Storytelling for User Experience: Crafting stories for better design, with Kevin Brooks and Global UX: Design and research in a connected world, with Daniel Szuc.

Among other things, Whitney has given of her time by leading our industry as President of the Usability Professional’s Assocation, serving on two U.S. government advisory committees and by leading the Usability in Civic Life project, which aims to improve civic design projects such as voting improvement on ballots and related election materials.

Q1. What’s your background? Where did you go to school, what subjects interested you?

I started out as a theatrical designer in New York. What I loved about working in theatre was that it was live performance, which means that the audience is part of the event, and the show is never exactly the same from night to night. There’s a lot of technology in theatre lighting, and I was in the first generation of designers to learn on computer boards. The combination of technology and art was a great preparation for UX, where we are always trying to understand how other people react to things we create.

Q2. How did you get into usability field?

It was serendipity, really. I started by writing documentation for Hyperties 2.3 and I ended up working with Cognetics for 12 years on a wonderful variety of projects. All of our projects focused on making information usable – from large knowledge bases to complex data – so I got introduced to what was then called “usability engineering.” The terminology has changed over time, and we have a more varied toolkit these days, but the biggest difference between then and now is how much more common and  routine user research and usability testing is today.

Q3. What is it about usability that you most enjoy, or find most rewarding?

I love the sense of discovery. Every project is a chance to learn something new. Most rewarding? That would have to be the opportunity to work on projects that can make a difference in people’s lives.

Q4. You recently wrote the book “Storytelling for User Experience,” what was the inspiration for writing it?

I’d been talking about stories in our work for several years, and wrote a chapter for Tamara Adlin and John Pruitt’s book on narrative and personas. Lou Rosenfeld nudged me into thinking about how this could become a book. I’d met Kevin Brooks at a UPA conference. With my user research perspective and his design innovation perspective, we brought together two important aspects of storytelling in UX.

Q5. As a frequent user researcher and information architect, what do you find are common issues or misunderstandings clients have about UX and IA?

Everyone struggles to figure out how the pieces fit together. It leads to silos, even within UX. Lou Rosenfeld talks about this in his plea for us to bring together all of the data and insights from both quantitative sources like analytics and qualitative sources like user research.

The other common misunderstanding, is that UX is a single process, one-size-fits-all. From my experience, it’s not.  Every project is different, so the specific activities need to be adjusted, within an overall approach, to answer the questions each project poses. As a consultant, I work with companies with different situations, so I’m often figuring it out with them, looking for the best solution for their teams and how a new way of looking at a problem can help them.

Q6. From your experiences with how people use Personas and storytelling for UX projects, what key aspects seem to be the most useful, and why do you think that is?

The real value of both personas and storytelling is the way they give us a clear, human picture of the people we design for. It’s so easy to get caught up in all the mechanics of creating technology and forget that there are real people out there. The other really important value of personas is in helping us empathize with people who are not just like us. They let us understanding people from different cultures, professional backgrounds, with different beliefs or attitudes about our products. That ability to get outside of our own perspectives is critical to user experience. It’s why we do user research and usability testing.

Q7. You’ve been active with the Usability Professional’s Association for some time.  What do you think are issues or opportunities with the UPA in relation to usability and UX today and in the future?

Every professional organization that I know of is struggling to find its place in a networked society. They used to be the way you met other people in your field for professional contacts, advocacy and education. Those monthly newsletters were a way to keep up with the field. But what’s the unique value a  formal organization offers now? And how do they keep up with a field that is growing and evolving so rapidly? I don’t have the answers, but I know that a walled garden doesn’t work well in the face of so much competition. There are so many great online options and excellent local conferences that are no longer under the umbrella of a professional association.

Q8. What do you think the next year to two years will bring for usability and information architecture?  Do you see them growing or changing, if so why?

There’s now so much in the business press about the importance of user experience and I see basic UX techniques like personas, card sorting, and usability testing being taught in so many courses that it’s starting to feel like we’ve passed a tipping point of some kind. So yes, I see it continuing to grow. But, I also think they will keep evolving. For example, we’re learning how to integrate usability into the agile development approaches. And I’m seeing a wider range of methods for usability testing to meet the needs of global and mobile projects. The world doesn’t sit still: we can’t either.

The other big trend is related to how fast the field is growing, because it’s growing everywhere. So we will have to learn how to collaborate with colleagues around the world. I learned a lot about the issues working with Dan Szuc on Global UX: Design and research in a connected world. As a small example from my current work, one of my projects focuses on accessible voting. We collaborated with OpenIDEO on a challenge to develop new ideas for how to design an accessible voting experience. The designers who participated were from Great Britain, Turkey, Cambodia, Australia, India, just to name a few.

Q9. What’s next for you and your career in the next year or two, what would you like to focus on?

I’m interested in how we create technology that is inclusive, so that we don’t continue to create digital divides that leave some people behind.  I’ve been working on a book with Sarah Horton about how to design for accessibility.  It won’t be a technical book – there are already lots of great resources out there for that. Instead, we’re trying to articulate how we can think about design in a way that leads naturally to more accessible products.  Like the concept of “mobile first,” if we also think about “accessibility first,” we’ll end up with websites and apps that work better for everyone, because they are more focused and simpler.

Thank you Whitney!

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UX Killed Usability

UX Killed Usability

UX Killed UsabilityUsability is dead (or at best on life-support and not conscious), and I’m sorry to be the one that has to tell you this, but it’s been mortally wounded by UX (aka User Experience). How do I know? Well, you see, I’m a big fan of usability. Consider my blog, Useful Usability, which has the name of usability right in it. I eat, think and sleep usability, which is why I’m so sad that UX has killed it.

Yes, I’m a big fan of usability, but I can assure you it has been killed (or at best is now on life support and comatose). And I have proof, which I’ll sadly but scientifically share with you in a moment. But for those of you who can’t wait and want to know the executive summary, here it is:

“Usability as a term is pretty much dead and has been replaced (not very well) by UX, meaning user experience.”

Now like I said, I’m sorry to be the bearer of this bad news, but if you are in the usability profession I suspect you already have an inkling of this fact.

The fact is usability will most likely be has been consumed and overwhelmed by the new catch-phrase and relatively new role of UX. The sad part however is that where most people knew what usability was (how easy things are to use, measured and tested via a scientific method), no two people exactly agree on what UX is.

Usability definition:

According to WikiPedia, the definition of usability is…

“Usability is the ease of use and learnability of a human-made object. The object of use can be a software application, website, book, tool, machine, process, or anything a human interacts with. A usability study may be conducted as a primary job function by a usability analyst or as a secondary job function by designers, technical writers, marketing personnel, and others. It is widely used in consumer electronics, communication, and knowledge transfer objects (such as a cookbook, a document or online help) and mechanical objects such as a door handle or a hammer.

Usability includes methods of measuring usability, such as Needs analysis and the study of the principles behind an object’s perceived efficiency or elegance. In human-computer interaction and computer science, usability studies the elegance and clarity with which the interaction with a computer program or a web site (web usability) is designed. Usability differs from user satisfaction insofar as the former also embraces usefulness (see Computer user satisfaction).”

Whew! That is a lot to read, much less to say. Can you see yourself saying that to your mom or dad if they were to ask you what usability is? I can’t. So, as you can tell, I’m actually not a big fan of this definition, because it’s not very user-friendly (and thus not usable) in my opinion.

I prefer my description of usability, which is…

“Usability is how easy or difficult something is to use. Usability can be measured through a scientific process focused on evaluating user critical tasks and the ability, or lack thereof, of those tasks to be completed by users . Usability includes how efficient something is, how easy it is to learn, and the ability of the item to satisfy the user.”

So like I said, usability is pretty easy to understand, once you have a usable definition.

Proof that UX killed Usability

You may ask how I know usability is dead, or at best on life-support and not conscious, what’s my proof? I’ll show you. Just like a lawyer.

Well, a lawyer that we actually like.

I’m thinking Raymond Burr as Perry Mason. He was a lawyer everyone liked. So picture me as Perry Mason and let us now examine the evidence that proves UX killed Usability.

Google Insights, Interest over Time, UX vs. Usability

UX vs. Usability per Google Insights Data

UX vs. Usability per Google Insights Data

Ladies and gentlemen of the jury, I submit to you the first piece of evidence that UX killed usability. Interest in UX has beaten interest in usability and is now more than double the usability interest.

The Google Insights tool provides a useful comparison of interest in subjects over time. The numbers on the graph above reflect the index of how many searches have been done for a particular term, relative to the total number of searches done on Google over that time. They don’t represent absolute search volume numbers, because the data is normalized and presented on a scale from 0-100.

As the above graph demonstrates, usability was at about 80% interest in 2004, but has declined ever since and is now about 20% interest. UX meanwhile was at about 75% interest, and is now at roughly 55%. Both fell, but usability fell much more than UX.

Simply put, UX interest is beating out usability interest and has been doing so since 2006. And if Google’s forecasts are accurate we can assume usability interest will continue to fall to less than 20% interest, while UX will maintain at about 50-55% interest.

User Experience Interest Growing

Ladies and gentlemen of the jury, I now present to you the second piece of incriminating evidence that UX killed usability.  As demonstrated by the Google Insights information, interest in user experience continues to climb, while as we saw earlier interest in usability continues to fall.

user experience interest per Google Insights data

User Experience interest per Google Insights data

I direct, ladies and gentlemen, your attention to this graph above, which clearly proves that interest in user experience has almost doubled from 2004 to 2012. Interest in 2004 was roughly 50%, but today has climbed to about 95%. This increase is in stark contrast to usability which is currently hovering around 20%.

Clearly user experience interest is growing at the expense of usability interest.

Google Indexed Pages, UX vs. Usability

And now ladies and gentlemen of the jury, I would like to show you the next piece of evidence in the case of UX against usability, which is the number of pages Google has indexed, or attributed, to a certain term. UX has yet again beaten usability, in this case a severe beating, by having over double the number of pages indexed.

Number of Google's indexed pages for UsabilityAccording to Google, there are about 57,300,000 pages that have something to do with the term ‘usability.’ That’s not bad. However, that doesn’t hold a candle to UX.

Number of Google indexed pages for UXAccording to Google, there are over 130,000,000 pages that pertain to UX. That’s more than double the usability total. And ladies and gentlemen of the jury, just in case you were thinking there are other uses of the term UX that may be inflating these numbers, I present to you this corroborating piece of evidence. The term ‘user experience’ has far more number of pages indexed than either UX or usability.

Number of Google indexed pages for user experienceThere are over 236,000,000 pages that are indexed by Google for the term ‘user experience.’ Compared to the 57,300,000 pages that index for usability, clearly user experience has far more content, by a factor of almost four to one. This proves that user experience, and UX, are overwhelming usability.

Monster job postings, UX vs. Usability

Ladies and gentlemen of the jury, I now turn your attention to the next piece of evidence that UX has killed usability, the number of jobs posted that pertain to usability vs UX. Note the number of jobs that appear when a search for usability is conducted on Monster as demonstrated below. You’ll clearly see ladies and gentlemen that there are 19 jobs for the term usability.

Number of usability jobs on Monster is 19But now ladies and gentlemen I call attention to the following result for the term UX. When you type in UX into Monster you see a whopping 1,000+ jobs appear in the results. This completely overwhelms usability and its feeble 19 jobs. And should you assume that these may be jobs that only have a slight bearing on the terms of UX I would like you to note that in both searches the search term (usability or UX) is required to be in the title, as demonstrated by the checked box for the Title selection.

There are over 1,000 UX jobs on Monster

Austin Chapter of the UPA Meetings

Finally, ladies and gentlemen of the jury, witness the relatively small interest in usability at the local level. As president of the Austin Chapter of the UPA I’ve been struggling for two years now on trying to expand the interest and activity in usability and user-centered design in the Austin, Texas community.

I love doing this, as I feel my volunteering with the UPA is my way to give back to the community and in some small way help our world to be a better place to live. But I will confide with you and tell you it has been a struggle to grow membership. At best, our meetings average about 20 people (as demonstrated below). Our FaceBook page has 102 Friends and we have 56 Followers on Twitter. Not too bad.

A typical Austin chapter of the UPA meeting with about 20 attendees

A typical AustinUPA chapter meeting with about 20 attendees

However, as shown below and just as a reference point the recent Austin IxDA meeting had almost 100 people in attendance (not counting me although I was there). In addition, they have 296 Followers on Twitter, which is pretty good. Don’t get me wrong, I’m a big fan of the Austin IxDA and a happy member. I just bring this up to point out the size discrepancies between a group focused on interaction design and UX, and a group focused on usability.

A typical Austin IXDA meeting with about 100 attendees

A typical Austin IXDA meeting with about 100 attendees

In addition, I asked several members at the recent Austin IxDA meeting as well as other places such as SXSW about their feelings for the local UPA chapter. Here’s what they said in a paraphrased form…

“Yeah, I like the Austin UPA and all, but usability is just focused on research, and that’s just a small part of everything I have to do as a UX practitioner.”

This now makes sense to me, especially when you look at the job posting descriptions for “UX Designers” or related terms.

A typical UX designer job postingNote that most of the time the job posting is a mixture of part IA, part usability researcher, part designer, and part coder. No wonder usability is now only a minor part of the UX world!

Conclusion: UX killed Usability

So, ladies and gentlemen of the jury, clearly the evidence is overwhelming, UX has killed usability. True, usability is not completely dead, it lies in a slowly decaying world of interest and roles, now relegated to a minor part of someone’s very large and growing list of responsibilities as a UX designer. Whether the term usability will continue to survive in this world is a matter of conjecture.

However, I suspect that if you, ladies and gentlemen of the jury, dust off your usability interest, evaluate the true meaning of usability, which is the extent to which things can be made to work better, and work on educating the world and your part in it about the importance of usability, it won’t truly die.

It’s up to you. Only you can determine if UX will be allowed to kill usability, or if you will use usability and enable it to continue to play a role in the new world of UX and user experience.

So, do you agree that UX killed usability? Are you ready to convict? And if you see usability having less significance, what do you propose, if anything, to do about it?

Posted in User Centered Design, User Experience | Tagged , , | 27 Comments

Top 10 SXSW Secrets

Top 10 Secrets of SXSW (or How to Survive and Thrive at SXSW)

Top 10 Secrets of SXSW

The Top 10 Secrets of SXSW

Having somewhat recovered from the amazing SXSW 2012 interactive conference, I wanted to share my list of the top 10 secrets of SXSW, (alternative title, how I survived and thrived at SXSW).

I’ve attended multiple years, and can definitely tell you there ARE great secrets to SXSW survival (and enjoyment). What are these secrets? They are secrets to how to do SXSW well, how to get maximum value for your expensive ticket, and how to survive nicely by eating and drinking for little or no money.

But before we begin, let’s cover the issues that most people were voicing to me in the hallways and meeting rooms. Before, during and after sessions you get to meet a lot of people, IF you can get them to stop looking down at their mobile device long enough to talk to you! Among the many people I talked to, here’s a few of the more common rants I heard:

“Austin and the convention center are PACKED! I can’t get around!”

“These sessions are so jammed that I missed the ones I wanted to see.”

“This talk was dull, I didn’t learn anything new.”

“SXSW is so costly, I can’t really afford to go!”

“I had to wait over an hour to get my badge!”

“Who the heck are these speakers, I’ve never heard of them.”

“There’s too many sessions, I’m overwhelmed and don’t know what to go to!”

“I have a hangover”

“I can’t get to all the booths at the SXSW trade show, there’s not enough time.”

“There’s too many parties, how do I know which ones to go to?”

Among the many SXSW hallway and session conversations I had, these were the most common I heard. The good news is there is a solution to most of these issues, and quite a few people were pleased with my responses. So, without further ado, I’ll share what I told them with you. I present for your edification:

The Top 10 Secrets of SXSW:

1.       Getting around in the packed Convention Center and City of Austin. The secret to Austin and the convention center is to get wherever you are going EARLY. If you attend by car then be sure to get to your parking lot of choice no later than 9AM, 8AM is much better. A handy tip is the Austin convention center parking lot at the corner of 5th Street and Red River (entrance on 5th street). This year parking was $10 for the entire day, easily beating the many other lots charging $20 or more.

SXSW Austin Convention Center Parking

SXSW Austin Convention Center Parking

Better yet is to take the train, avoid taxi or bus service as traffic can turn what normally should be a half hour trip into an hour. Same deal for getting around in the convention center. Allow yourself plenty of extra time. Another secret is if you have to go from the north side (say Ballroom D) to the south side (say Ballrooms B and C) take the Austin Convention Center Level 3 (the middle floor) and you can quickly get from one end to the other without messing around with the massive crowd on the bottom floor.

2.       Missing sessions because they are full. There are two solutions to this problem. First, get there early. I always show up at the room a half hour prior to the session start. I also sit in the very front, normally because I live blog. But even if I am not live blogging I will still sit in the front. After all, I spent a lot of money to see the speakers, so why not sit where I can actually see them?

The second solution to this problem is to plot your sessions in advance on a map. If your 10AM session is at a hotel several miles away, and your 1PM session is at the convention center, there’s a high probability that you’ll miss your 1PM session after attending the 10AM session. Determine in advance where your sessions are, map them out to see how far away they are, and allow a LOT of time to move from the hotels to the convention center.

3.       Attending a dull session. This one happens no matter whether you are at SXSW or any other conference, it is the nature of conferences. SXSW Session Details

SXSW Session level

SXSW Session level

The trick with SXSW is to realize that if the session you are at is a dud, don’t assume you’ll be able to try a different session during that same time block. You have a choice, either hang in there and try to pull something interesting out of the topic (including use the Q&A session to ask pertinent questions), or leave but know that you now have an instant hour and more of free time to get to your next session.

The other trick is to very carefully read the description, including the detailed description of the session, the speaker Bios AND the level to make sure this session is something that meets your expectations.

4.       SXSW is so costly. Yes, it costs a lot to go to SXSW. Although to be fair it also costs a lot to go to almost any other conference out there. With hotel, travel, meals, parking and the cost of the conference ticket, you (or your company) will easily shell out a big chunk of change. That said, there is value to attending SXSW that goes well beyond the cost of the ticket, especially for Austin-based companies that only have to pay for the SXSW conference ticket (no travel or hotel costs). But do yourself (and your boss) a favor and get tickets early! You save a lot of money by ordering in advance.

You also can get a hotel room near enough to the convention center that you don’t have to take transportation. Can’t get your boss to cough up the cash to go? Take it from me, getting your boss to agree to spending the money to go is hard, but can be done with this simple trick. Add up the potential learnings you’ll receive from each session. Estimate how much each learning might mean in terms of a better user experience, number of leads, increased sales or whatever the metrics are that are important to your boss. Now multiple the potential increases (or savings) and propose to go to SXSW so your company can leverage those learnings. I’ve been rather successful with that tip, you can too.

5.       I had to wait over an hour to get my badge: Yes, there are huge lines to get SXSW badges. If you are one of those people that shows up at 10AM the first day of conference to get your badge you absolutely will be in a line longer than almost any airport security line anywhere in the world. Guaranteed.

Again, the secret is to get there early! Badge pick up actually opens up the day before the conference, which will certainly take the pressure off of you. Likewise, getting in line early, say around 8ish the day the conference opens does mean waiting about an hour, but also means you’ll be through the line with badge in hand with the entire rest of the day available for SXSW. Do yourself a favor and pick up your badge early so you don’t miss any of the events.

6.       Who the heck are these speakers, I’ve never heard of them: One of the main reasons people go to conferences like SXSW is to hear top industry speakers presenting the latest information on a subject of interest to them. The problem with this is very often over time the same information is presented by the same speakers in the same ways, year after year, which can be boring. Sometimes it is good to hear someone new or different, someone you have not heard of before.

SXSW tries to bring both recognized speakers like Guy Kawasaki and his chat with Google’s Vic Gundotra as well as new speakers to the SXSW crowd like Frank Abagnale and his amazing life and thoughts about family and love. Even my buddy David Greene (who although I know him is not a well known speaker) was a presenter, at the interesting Flash: F Bomb or Da Bomb session. The point is that although there are plenty of unheard of speakers, that doesn’t mean their session is without merit. Attending the sessions with the unknown speakers can be a great way to learn something new, different and unexpected.

7.       There’s too many sessions, I don’t know how to choose:

Only half of the SXSW schedule for just one day

Only half of the SXSW schedule for just one day

SXSW is indeed overwhelming. And the SXSW schedule interface needs a serious overhaul. As a user experience advocate I believe their search results and listings of the hundreds of sessions could be presented much better, helping to reduce the confusion. Interface aside, the secret here is to not wait until the last second and instead get a sense of which sessions you want to attend at least a week prior to SXSW.

There’s another reason for this, which is to map out where each session is so you can allow enough travel time if you have to go from convention center to some far flung hotel and back. If there’s not enough travel time between one session at let’s say a hotel and another at the convention center, you may need to re-consider your choice in sessions. Let’s be honest, this interface (below) is not very useful (image cut in half by the way).

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

8. The dreaded, ugh! I have a hangover:

SXSW Hangover

SXSW Hangover

This one is easy. Restrain your SXSW partying (yeah, it’s not a popular notion I grant you that). Limit the partying you do by focusing on just the top two parties you really want to attend, and if you do party take it easy on the free drinks.

Also, it’s a good idea to try to eat some food prior to partying, so you have something in your stomach to help absorb all that alcohol that you really shouldn’t be slamming down.

I pace myself, I usually have a drink, then have a water, then have a drink, then a water, you get the pattern. Also, on the subject of hydration, it’s very easy to forget to drink water while you are at the SXSW sessions. Be sure to carry water with you, it’s best if you can buy it outside the convention center and bring it in a backpack, because a regular size bottle water was $3.50 at the convention center this year. Ouch.

9.       I can’t get to all the booths at the SXSW trade show: I hear you on this one and agree. Having the SXSW trade show start at 11am the day before Interactive closes is stupid. There’s not enough time to really see all the booths, unless you miss a half day during the last two days of sessions. I repeat, “It’s stupid.”

Do you hear me SXSW planners? Why they can’t start the trade show on Saturday (the day after interactive opens) is beyond me.

Hopefully the powers that be at the SXSW will come to their senses regarding extending the days of the trade show to allow Interactive attendees to actually see the trade show.

I can also tell you that my company, Apogee Results exhibited at this year’s trade show, and that from our experience attendance on the final two days was very low. All the crowds were at our booth during the first two days.

Hmm, is this why so many big companies don’t have trade show booths at SXSW?

Hint hint SXSW planners! Gee, perhaps you could get a LOT more big companies to set up trade show exhibits if you actually allowed them enough time to get enough traffic to make it worth the cost!

As I say on my @ctomlin twitter feed often, #justsayin. For you poor souls who want to see the booths, do your best and move fast, but efficiently, from one to the next booth. Try to cover the booths in two half days, and contact the SXSW staff to send a nasty letter expressing your dissatisfaction with the ridiculous schedule they’ve given the trade show.

10.   There’s too many parties, how do I know which one to go to?

SXSW party

SXSW party

There is a few simple secrets to this one. I suggest you focus on the party that is in the industry you most closely follow. Getting business done at these kinds of parties is not likely. Just use it as a chance to network and get to know others that care about the stuff you care about. As with the sessions, you have to choose carefully and in advance, because if one party is not good, trying to get to another could be very difficult given traffic conditions in Austin during SXSW.

When choosing, consider the size of the party, the SXSW kick off party this year I heard had about 5,000 registered. That’s not a party in my opinion, that’s a drinking convention! Many vendors have invite-only parties, and usually these are better places to meet and chat over a drink. Get on your vendor email lists a month or so prior to SXSW if you want to be invited to those.

Top 10 Secrets of SXSW Conclusion:

So that’s it, that’s my Top 10 secrets to SXSW. Make sure you plan in advance. Buy your tickets in advance, get your hotel well in advance. Plan your schedule in advance. Don’t party too hard. Map your sessions so you don’t miss any due to travel time and for goodness sake tell the SXSW staff that they need to extend the trade show! I hope you enjoyed them and I hope you will try them out if you are going to SXSW.

And if you are not going to SXSW, well… go!

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